The chalara-like anamorphs of Leotiomycetes

Abstract The chalara-like anamorphs of Leotiomycetes are phialidic hyphomycetes with cylindrical collarettes and deeply seated sporulating loci, hyaline, aseptate or septate, conidia. They commonly found on plant litters in both terrestrial submerged environments, broad geographical distribution. This paper reports our research result diversity, taxonomy phylogeny these fungi China, which is based a systematic study by using an integrated approach literature study, morphological observation phylogenetic analyses 153 fungal species diversified morphology conidiomata, setae, conidiophores, phialides employing different datasets SSU, LSU ITS sequences 116 showed that were paraphyletic scattered 20 accepted genera belonging to five families Leotiomycetes: Arachnopezizaceae, Hamatocanthoscyphaceae, Helotiaceae, Neolauriomycetaceae Pezizellaceae. Additional six genera, Ascoconidium , Bioscypha Chalarodendron Didonia Phaeoscypha Tapesina all reported literatures, also as members Pezizellaceae incertae sedis. Among 26 Leotiomycetes, 17 asexually typified ( Bloxamia Chalara Constrictochalara Cylindrochalara Cylindrocephalum Leochalara Lareunionomyces Minichalara Neochalara Neolauriomyces Nagrajchalara Parachalara Stipitochalara Xenochalara Zymochalara ), 9 sexually Bloxamiella Calycellina Calycina Hymenoscyphus Mollisina ). significance conidial septation generic delimitation was further confirmed; while other morphologies such phialides, length, ornamentation have little significance, but could be used for delimitation. polyphyletic genus s. lat. revised monophyletic concepts redelimitation str. narrow concept, adaption the emended include fungi, reinstatement introduction new genera: W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao, Diao Diao. Chaetochalara becomes synonym str., known disassembled into . redefined introducing B cyatheicola Five existing excluded from reclassified: breviclavata Chalarosphaeria gen. et sp. nov. Chaetosphaeriaceae, C vaccinii Sordariochalara Lasiosphaeriaceae, three hyaline hyalina schoenoplecti siamense combinations Pyxidiophora Pyxidiophoraceae. For biodiversity total 80 12 including 60 species, records 1 name, discovered documented this paper. In addition, Japan. connection revision, 44 made. identification keys provided most genera. Future area should relationship several Rodwayella revision names under